Twenty years of PETTLEP imagery: An update and new direction for simulation-based training

Research has shown that motor imagery (MI) interventions, involving the systematic and repeated imagination of visual kinaesthetic components movements, can enhance performance in sport. Twenty years ago, Holmes Collins (2001) published PETTLEP model as a framework to improve delivery outcome MI interventions. The outlined seven principles be considered when designing effective interventions: Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, Perspective (i.e., PETTLEP). incorporation these within interventions was assumed facilitate through optimisation functional equivalence between neurophysiological substrates preparation execution, MI. Since its conception, this become standard for many sport been corroborated research practice. This 20-year review first covers reach impact influential more recent empirical investigations related PETTLEP. We then outline how PETTLEP-based may integrated with action observation support an increasingly popular approach indicates combining two simulation states whilst also providing psychologist control over experience than is possible traditional article discusses application combined provides guidance psychologists creation new PETTLEP-informed